Declarative Statements in ABAP

 These statements define data types or declare data objects which are used by the other statements in a program or routine.

Ex:

TYPES, DATA, TABLES, CONSTANTS, FIELD-SYMBOLS, PARAMETERS, SELECT-OPTIONS

Constants  This keyword is for declaring constant identifiers.

CONSTANTS PI TYPE P DECIMALS 3 VALUE '3.147'.

Constants cannot be modified in the further program.

Field-Symbols These are similar to pointers in C language. Used for referring to any type of data object in a program.

FIELD-SYMBOLS: <FS1>, <FS2>.

DATA:  A TYPE I, str(20) TYPE C.

ASSIGN  A TO <FS1>.

WRITE <FS1>.    //Value of A will be displayed

ASSIGN STR TO <FS1>.

WRITE <FS1>.   //Value of STR will be displayed.

Types This keyword is used to define new user defined data types.

TYPES FLOATING TYPE P DECIMALS 6.

DATA A TYPE FLOATING.

DATA B TYPE FLOATING.

Tables This keyword is used to create a structure in RAM corresponding to a database table.

TABLES: mara, vbrk.

Type-Pools This keyword is used to attach a Data Dictionary (DDIC) type group to the current program. Type Group is a central repository object that maintains definitions of user defined data types.

TYPE-POOLS SLIS.              //Used in ALV Reporting

TYPE-POOLS SSCRFIELDS.     //Used for selection screen.

 

Courtesy: ABAP Technical Documentation

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